Digital TV to DVD conversion guide
Last Edit: 23/02/05 - Added 16:9 to 4:3 format correction guide. Thanks dcallan.
Links
http://www.doom9.net/ contains a wealth of information, free utilities, codecs, and guides related to Video and Audio processing. Not all software packages are mentioned here or on Doom9, there are quite a few professional (and more expensive) packages that provide professional features.
Digital TV related utilities: http://www.doom9.org/software2.htm#DigitTV
Frequently Asked Questions
Q) What video format do Digital TV cards record in?
A) MPEG2 (Basically the same as a DVD movie, but in "TS" format - see next question).
Q) Why does my Software DVD Player stutter or give an error when playing back my recordings?
A) The MPG files saved from a Digital TV card differs slightly from a DVD Movie. The video format is the same (both are MPEG2), but contain different packet sizes optimized for transporting the MPEG2 data over the air waves. Software DVD players were designed to playback DVD Movies and therefore get confused with the different packet size when a Transport stream is played. The latest versions of WinDVD and PowerDVD now support MPEG TS files
* MPEG2 Program Stream (This format is used for DVD Movies)
* MPEG2 Transport Stream (This format is used for DigitalTV broadcasting)
Q) Can I burn my recordings to a DVD Disc to save Hard Disk space?
A) Yes, you can simply burn your recordings straight to a CD or DVD disc and playback the MPG file(s) using PowerDVD/WinDVD etc.., but if you wish to play them back like a Commercial DVD Movie in a proper DVD Player, you need special software to process your recordings into DVD format (see the guide below).
Q) My MPEG2 Editor gives an error when opening a recording?
A) You first need to convert your recording into an MPEG2 Program Stream (DVD compatible) file, or Demultiplex your recording into two elementary audio + video files if your MPEG2 Editor supports them.
Q) What is Demultiplexing/Remultiplexing?
A) Digital TV recordings and DVD Movies have a video stream and audio stream that is woven together into one MPEG2 file. Demultiplexing is the process of splitting an MPEG2 file into seperate audio and video files/streams. Remultiplexing is the process of combining seperate Video and Audio streams together into one file.
* Video stream (.mpv or .m2v extension)
* Audio stream (.mpa or .m2a extension)
* MPEG2 file (.mpg or .vob extension - combines the above streams into one file)
Q) Can I burn HD (High Definition) to a DVD?
A) Yes, some hardware DVD Players can play HDTV, but as for software MPEG2 editors and DVD compilers, its a matter of researching the softwares' capabilities or by experimentation.
Guide to convert a TV Recording to a DVD Disc
Generally speaking, the process of burning a DigitalTV recording to DVD is as follows:
* Demultiplex (split) the MPEG TS recording into seperate Audio + Video streams.
* Editing out unwanted parts of the program such as ads or trailing programs.
* Compiling the Audio + Video streams into DVD format so standard DVD Players can understand how to play it.
* Burning the DVD files to a recordable DVD Disc.
STEP 1 - Demultiplexing (Split your recording into seperate audio + video files)
Download a Demultiplexer:
PVAStrumento (freeware) ( http://www.offeryn.de/dv.htm ) *** Recommended ***
* Clean interface and easy to use.
* Accepts HDTV.
ProjectX (free/open source) ( http://www.lucike.info/page_projectx.htm )
* Interface can be confusing, but can sometimes be more reliable with corrupted recordings.
* You will need to have SUN JAVA runtime installed, unless you download the precompiled EXE version.
* Can merge seperate recordings (under the Tab: Special->'concatenate different recordings')
* Guide: View this thread for ProjectX usage.
* Can have trouble with HDTV (Java crash error)
If your recording has corrupted frames due to bad reception or static interference (for instance when someone flicks a light switch nearby), then the resulting audio and video streams may become out of sync.
These utilities can detect bad frames or GOPS, and drop them. If the audio frames are missing or corrupted, they will insert null samples (muted audio) to keep up with the video stream timing.
If your Audio + Video streams become out of sync during editing (in Step 2 below), then try:
PVAStrumento: Experimenting with the GOP options in Defaults->Expert
ProjectX: Enabling the "add frames" option under the "Audio" Tab.
Note; ProjectX generally does a better job at correcting stream errors than PVAStrumento, so use ProjectX if the recording has lots of errors.
Note; You can skip this step if you use MPEG2 Editing software that can demux for you such as VideoReDo.
STEP 2 - Edit unwanted parts out of your recording.
Download an Editor:
MPEGSchnitt (free) ( http://www.mdienert.de/mpeg2schnitt/ )
* Excellent MPEG2 editor with a preview window and easy to use interface.
* Only accepts demuxed streams (two seperate Audio + Video files), and cannot remux.
* German and English versions are available.
* You cannot cut at every single frame position, but good enough in most cases.
* Worked with a ch9 HDTV recording tested (v0.6g)
Cuttermaran (free/open source) ( http://cuttermaran.movie2digital.de/ ) *** Recommended ***
* Excellent MPEG2 editor with a preview window and easy to use interface.
* Capable of cutting at any frame by re-encoding if you have TMPGEnc 2.5 encoder utility.
* Can remultiplex using mplex.exe (bundled with Cutterman)
* Failed to work properly with two HDTV ch9 recordings tested. (v1.60)
VideoReDo (~$50) ( http://www.videoredo.com ) *** Recommended ***
* Accepts DVB recordings, no need to demux (not sure how good corruption handling is though)
* User friendly interface, shows preview window and cut list.
* Accepts SDTV and HDTV.
* Can output to a PS MPEG2 file or seperate Audio + Video streams.
* Can configure the mouse wheel to skip individual frames.
* Very Fast!
These MPEG2 Editors let you visually navigate through your recording and let you cut out unwanted parts of the recording.
I wont go into B, P, and I Frames, and GOPS, but basically MPEG2 has limits to where you can cut the frames, for instance you can only cut every fourth frame. Cutting at 'any' frame you want requires re-encoding the missing frames between GOPS.
MPEGSchnitt usage:
MPEGSchnitt works by "IN" and "OUT" Marks that specify your programs' segments.
1) Navigate to the start of the segment, click "<IN" or "IN>" and click "In"
2) Navigate to the end of the segment, click "<OUT" or "OUT>" and click "Out"
3) Click "New" to add the mark range to the cut list.
4) Repeat 1-3 for the other segments...
5) Click "Cut" to save your edited streams (You cannot save to a single MPEG file just yet).
Cuttermaran usage:
Cutterman works by "IN" and "OUT" Ranges that specify your programs' segments.
1) Navigate to the start of the segment, click "I<" or "I>" and click "Set cut in"
2) Navigate to the end of the segment, click "P<" or "P>" and click "Set cut out"
3) Click "Add range to cut list" to add the range to the cut list.
4) Repeat 1-3 for the other segments...
5) Click "Cut video/audio" to save your edited streams (You can save to a single MPEG file if you have mplex1.exe).
STEP 3 - Remultiplexing your edited Audio and Video streams back into a single MPEG2 file or into DVD compatible files
Part A If you just want your "cleaned up" MPEG2 recordings stored on your Hard Disk and use WinDVD/PowerDVD to play it back:
Download Mplex1.exe to Remultiplex your edited Audio+Video streams into a single MPG file:
Mplex1.exe ( http://members.aon.at/johann.langhofer/mplex1.htm )
* This is a single EXE file that runs in a Command Prompt (DOS prompt)
* Usage: "mplex1.exe yourvideo.mpv youraudio.mpa [yourmpeg.mpg]"
* Simple to use and reliable. If the Audio is out of Sync, then your Demuxer didnt handle frame corruption well.
Part B Prepare your recording for DVD playback on a DVD disc:
There are many DVD compilers available, but most of the good ones are shareware or commercial software.
DVD Compilers let you create a DVD menu, different chapters, and other DVD features you see on normal DVD Movies.
Some compilers may do the demuxing/remuxing for you.
Here are some not too expensive (or free) packages that are useful:
DVD Lab (Shareware) ( http://www.mediachance.com/dvdlab/ ) *** Recommended ***
* Brilliant visual interface packed with features such as motion menu's and chapter flow charts.
* Can accept a wide range of media files, including pictures for the menu's and buttons.
* Can accept MPEG2 files already remuxed, and demuxes them automatically when compiling the VOB's.
TMPGEnc DVD Author (Shareware) ( http://www.pegasys-inc.com/en/product/tda.html )
* Has a library for creation of main and sub menus.
* Creates chapters for separate episodes or specific points.
* Automatically create chapters at preset intervals (i.e. 15 minutes) to make navigation through movies easier.
* Creates iso images.
IFOEdit (Free) http://mpucoder.kewlhair.com/derrow/
* No Frills, its cheap and dirty but works well, has various useful tools built in.
* No menu creation, it basically creates the VOBS and IFO files so your recording will play straight away.
* Pan and scan instructions: View this thread
Search www.google.com or www.download.com for other software, or reply if you would like to add something.
STEP 4 - Burning your DVD files to DVD-R or DVD+R
After you have used a DVD Compiler to complile your recording into a DVD friendly structure - which typically contains IFO, BUP, and VOB files, you can burn them straight to a blank DVD.
* Important *
All the IFO, BUP, and VOB files must be placed in a folder called "VIDEO_TS" on the DVD, otherwise it wont play. Also create an empty folder called "AUDIO_TS", for instance:
D:\VIDEO_TS\ (contains your IFO, BUP, and VOB files)
D:\AUDIO_TS\ (empty)
Nero 6 (Bundled or shareware) ( http://www.nero.com ) *** Recommended ***
* Excellent CD and DVD writer package with great compatibility with a wide range of DVD writers.
* Has a DVD-Video wizard that checks if your DVD files are in order.
Roxio DVD Creator (Bundled or shareware) ( http://www.roxio.com )
* Also a good package with excellent compatibility.
Note that many DVD compilers have DVD burning functionality built in.
Correcting a 4:3 recording that was broadcasted in 16:9
Some 4:3 format programs are broadcasted as 16:9, but are padded with black borders on the sides when played in a DVD player. To correct this:
NB: You will need to Author your recording to DVD Format (VOB files) first.
1) Download IFOEdit from http://www.ifoedit.com/ (Free).
2) In IFOedit, open your VTS_01_0.IFO file.
3) Double-click on the video stream listed in the lower window.
4) In the Settings Dialog that opens (over on the right):
5) Untick the "Automatic Letterbox" option.
6) Tick the "Automatic Pan & Scan" option.
7) Save the altered IFO file and repeat for VTS_02_0.IFO, VTS_03_0.IFO, etc
8) Burn your DVD files to a blank DVD Disc (make sure you place them in \VIDEO_TS\ on the DVD).
Converting HD to SD
If you have recorded a show in HDTV and need to convert it to SD so your software and/or DVD player can accept the file, try the following:
1) Demux the HD recording using PVAStrumento so you have an .MPV and an .AC3 file.
2) Convert the .AC3 file into an .MP2 using BeSweet from http://www.doom9.org/ac3tomp2.htm
You need to download the BeSweet command line utility and the BeSweet GUI, unzip them both, but make sure you put the BeSweet command line files within a folder called "BeSweet" in the GUI folder.
i.e. C:\BeSweet\ (contains the GUI files)
C:\BeSweet\BeSweet\ (contains the command line files)
3) Convert the .MPV and .MP2 file to MPEG2 PAL SD resolution (720x576) using TMPGEnc Plus 2.5 (14day trialware). Note that the free version of TMPGEnc doesn't encode MPEG2.
NB; If you know of a better/easier way to convert HD to SD, please PM me or post a reply.
